Deutsch
Österreich
Italiano
English
Français
Español
Nederlands
Português
Polski
MIDI
MIDI, or Musical Instrument Digital Interface, is a technical standard that describes a protocol, digital interface, and connectors for interconnecting a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and other audio devices. Introduced in 1983, MIDI revolutionized the way music is produced, allowing for the communication of musical information between devices and software.
History
The development of MIDI was spearheaded by a collaboration of various manufacturers and artists in the early 1980s. The first MIDI specification was published in 1983, paving the way for a new era in music production and performance. The standard allowed different instruments and devices to communicate with each other, enabling musicians to create complex arrangements with ease.
How MIDI Works
MIDI does not transmit audio signals; instead, it sends messages that represent musical performance data. These messages can include information about:
- Note on/off events
- Velocity (how hard a note is played)
- Pitch bend
- Control changes (modulation, volume, etc.)
Each MIDI message consists of a status byte followed by one or two data bytes. The status byte indicates the type of message, while the data bytes carry the relevant information. MIDI messages can be sent over various types of connections, including:
- 5-pin DIN connectors
- USB
- Bluetooth
MIDI Channels
MIDI supports up to 16 channels, allowing multiple instruments to be controlled independently. Each channel can be assigned to a different instrument or sound, enabling complex arrangements. For example, a MIDI controller can send data on one channel to control a synthesizer while simultaneously sending data on another channel to control a drum machine.
MIDI File Formats
MIDI files can be saved in different formats, the most common being:
| Format | Description |
|---|---|
| MIDI Type 0 | All MIDI data is stored in a single track, making it simpler but less flexible. |
| MIDI Type 1 | Multiple tracks can be stored, allowing for more complex arrangements. |
| MIDI Type 2 | Allows for simultaneous playback of multiple MIDI files, but is less commonly used. |
MIDI in Music Production
MIDI has become an essential tool in modern music production. Its versatility allows producers to create, edit, and manipulate music in ways that were previously impossible. Key applications of MIDI in music production include:
- Virtual Instruments: MIDI is used to trigger virtual instruments, allowing composers to create realistic orchestral arrangements or electronic sounds.
- Sequencers: MIDI sequencers enable users to record, edit, and play back MIDI data, making it easier to arrange and compose music.
- Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs): Most DAWs support MIDI, allowing for seamless integration of MIDI tracks with audio recordings.
MIDI Controllers
MIDI controllers are devices that send MIDI data to other devices or software. They come in various forms, including:
- Keyboard controllers
- Pad controllers
- Wind controllers
- Guitar controllers
MIDI controllers allow musicians to perform and record music in real-time, providing a tactile interface for composing and arranging music.
MIDI in Live Performance
MIDI is not only used in the studio but also in live performances. Musicians use MIDI to control synthesizers, trigger samples, and synchronize effects during their shows. Some advantages of using MIDI in live performance include:
- Synchronization: MIDI can synchronize multiple devices, ensuring that everything stays in time.
- Control: Musicians can manipulate various parameters in real-time, such as volume, effects, and instrument sounds.
- Flexibility: MIDI allows for quick changes to arrangements and setups, making it easier to adapt to different performance situations.
MIDI Standards and Protocols
The MIDI standard has evolved over the years, with several updates and extensions introduced. Some key developments include:
- MIDI 2.0: Released in 2020, MIDI 2.0 expands the capabilities of MIDI, allowing for higher resolution and more expressive control.
- MPE (MIDI Polyphonic Expression): A protocol that allows for individual note expression, enabling more nuanced performances.
Conclusion
MIDI has had a profound impact on music production and performance, allowing musicians to create and manipulate sound in innovative ways. As technology continues to advance, MIDI will likely evolve further, opening up new possibilities for creativity in music.
