Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems

Mediterranean forest ecosystems are diverse and unique biomes found in regions surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. These ecosystems are characterized by a combination of mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers, creating a Mediterranean climate that supports a variety of plant and animal species.

Flora

The flora of Mediterranean forest ecosystems is adapted to the climate conditions of the region. Dominant tree species include:

• Olive trees (Olea europaea)
• Cork oak (Quercus suber)
• Pine trees (Pinus spp.)
• Cypress trees (Cupressus spp.)

Understory vegetation in Mediterranean forests may include shrubs such as:

• Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
• Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
• Thyme (Thymus spp.)

Fauna

Mediterranean forest ecosystems are home to a diverse array of animal species. Some of the notable fauna found in these ecosystems include:

• Mouflon (Ovis orientalis)
• Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
• European badger (Meles meles)
• European bee-eater (Merops apiaster)

Threats

Despite their ecological importance, Mediterranean forest ecosystems face several threats, including:

• Deforestation for agriculture and urban development
• Wildfires exacerbated by climate change
• Invasive species that outcompete native flora and fauna

Conservation

Efforts are underway to conserve and protect Mediterranean forest ecosystems. Conservation strategies include:

• Establishing protected areas and nature reserves
• Implementing sustainable land management practices
• Engaging local communities in ecosystem restoration projects

References