Spotify
Understanding Audio Formats and Codecs
Loudness Standards
Mastering for Digital
Understanding Dynamics in Music Mastering
Final Outputs
Mastering Principles
Mastering
Understanding Audio Formats and Codecs 
formats and codecs are used in various applications across the music and audio industries: Music Streaming: Services like
Spotify and Apple Music primarily use lossy formats (e
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Loudness Standards 
YouTube Loudness Units (LU) -14 LUFS Streaming
Spotify Loudness Units (LU) -14 LUFS Streaming CD Mastering Loudness Units (LU)
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Mastering for Digital 
Spotify, Apple Music), and mastering engineers must adhere to these to avoid unwanted adjustments
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Understanding Dynamics in Music Mastering 
Common Loudness Standards Platform Loudness Level (LUFS)
Spotify -14 LUFS Apple Music -16 LUFS YouTube -13 LUFS Broadcast TV -24 LUFS These
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Final Outputs 
Distribution Channel Description Digital Platforms Services like
Spotify, Apple Music, and Bandcamp for streaming and downloads
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Mastering Principles 
Common formats include: Digital Streaming: Tracks must be optimized for platforms like
Spotify and Apple Music
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Mastering 
When mastering for digital platforms, it’s essential to consider the loudness normalization processes used by services like
Spotify and Apple Music
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Mastering for Different Audiences 
are some common formats and their mastering considerations: Streaming Services: Platforms like
Spotify and Apple Music often use normalization, so it’s important to master at a competitive loudness level without sacrificing dynamics
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Mastering Overview 
Streaming Digital formats optimized for platforms like
Spotify and Apple Music
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Loudness Management 
Streaming Loudness -16 LUFS Common target loudness level for streaming platforms like
Spotify and Apple Music
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Eine Geschäftsidee ohne Eigenkaptial 
Wenn ohne Eigenkapital eine Geschäftsidee gestartet wird, ist die Planung besonders wichtig. Unter Eigenkapital zum Selbstständig machen versteht man die finanziellen Mittel zur Unternehmensgründung. Wie macht man sich selbstständig ohne den Einsatz von Eigenkapital? Der Schritt in die Selbstständigkeit sollte wohlüberlegt sein ...