Urban Wetlands Streams
Floodplain Functions
Conserving Freshwater Resources Through Sustainable Practices
Estuary Systems
Lagoon
Riparian Area Restoration
Forest Marshes
Swamp
Estuary Functions 
An estuary is a unique and dynamic ecosystem where freshwater from rivers and
streams meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean
...Some of the main threats to estuaries include: Pollution from
urban and agricultural runoff Overfishing and habitat destruction Climate change and sea level rise Invasive species that disrupt native ecosystems Addressing these threats and implementing conservation measures is crucial for
...
Floodplain Functions 
vegetation and soil in floodplains help filter pollutants and sediment from runoff, improving water quality in rivers and
streams ...Challenges and Conservation Despite their valuable functions, floodplains face numerous threats from human activities such as
urban development, agriculture, and infrastructure projects
...
Conserving Freshwater Resources Through Sustainable Practices 
With increasing population growth,
urbanization, and climate change, the demand for freshwater is steadily rising while the availability of clean water is decreasing
...Riparian Buffer Zones Creating vegetated buffer zones along rivers and
streams to filter pollutants, reduce erosion, and provide habitat for wildlife
...Wetland Restoration Restoring degraded
wetlands to improve water quality, enhance biodiversity, and provide natural flood control
...
Estuary Systems 
Some of the major threats to estuaries include: Pollution: Runoff from
urban areas, agriculture, and industry can introduce pollutants into estuaries, harming aquatic life
...An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from rivers and
streams meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean
...
Lagoon 
Pollution from agricultural runoff,
urban development, and industrial activities can degrade water quality in lagoons, harming plant and animal life
...saltwater and freshwater, known as brackish water, due to the influence of tides and freshwater sources such as rivers and
streams ...
Riparian Area Restoration 
or riparian corridors, are the transitional zones between land and water, such as the banks of rivers,
streams, lakes, and
wetlands ...However, riparian areas are often subject to degradation due to human activities such as agriculture,
urban development, and resource extraction
...
Forest Marshes 
Forest marshes are unique ecosystems that combine characteristics of both forests and
wetlands ...These areas are often characterized by the presence of standing water or slow-moving
streams ...The conversion of forest marshes into agricultural land or
urban development poses a significant risk to these fragile ecosystems
...
Swamp 
Drainage for agriculture,
urban development, pollution, and climate change are all putting pressure on swamp ecosystems
...Flooded Forest A swamp that is periodically flooded by nearby rivers or
streams, creating a dynamic ecosystem
...
Restoring Coastal Estuary Systems 
Importance of Coastal Estuary Systems Coastal estuary systems are unique environments where freshwater from rivers and
streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean
...Pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial activities, and
urban development can degrade water quality and harm plant and animal species that rely on estuarine habitats
...Habitat destruction, including the draining of
wetlands for development and the construction of dams that restrict water flow, can also have a negative impact on coastal estuary systems
...
Floodplain Conservation 
Challenges in Floodplain Conservation Despite their importance, floodplains face numerous threats, including
urban development, agriculture, and climate change
...They also act as natural filters, trapping sediments and pollutants, which helps to improve water quality in rivers and
streams ...
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