Organic Layer
Lowland Fir Forests
Subalpine Woods
Tropical Peat Forests
Ecosystem Functions of Tundra Biomes
Ground
Effects of Melting Permafrost on Tundras
Ecosystem Functions of Arctic Tundras
Lowland Pine Forests 
The forest floor is usually covered with a thick
layer of pine needles, which decompose slowly and create acidic conditions that favor the growth of pine trees
...The dense vegetation and
organic matter in these forests store large amounts of carbon, helping to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions
...
Lowland Fir Forests 
The forest floor is typically covered in a thick
layer of decaying
organic matter, which provides nutrients for the plants and fungi that grow in the forest
...
Subalpine Woods 
The forest floor of subalpine woods is typically covered in a thick
layer of
organic matter, which helps to retain moisture and nutrients in the soil
...
Tropical Peat Forests 
These forests are characterized by the presence of peat, a type of
organic soil composed of partially decayed plant material
...The thick
layer of peat can act as a sponge, storing vast amounts of carbon and regulating water flow
...
Ecosystem Functions of Tundra Biomes 
The slow decomposition of
organic matter in the cold tundra environment creates nutrient-rich soils that support plant growth
...Permafrost The tundra is characterized by a
layer of permanently frozen soil known as permafrost
...
Ground 
Composition of the Ground The ground is composed of various
layers that interact to create a complex ecosystem
...The top layer, known as topsoil, is rich in
organic matter and nutrients, making it ideal for plant growth
...
Effects of Melting Permafrost on Tundras 
One of the defining features of tundras is permafrost, a
layer of permanently frozen soil that lies beneath the surface
...Release of Greenhouse Gases Permafrost acts as a natural storehouse for carbon, holding vast amounts of
organic matter that has been frozen for thousands of years
...
Ecosystem Functions of Arctic Tundras 
The low temperatures limit the decomposition of
organic matter, leading to the accumulation of peat and carbon in the soil
...Permafrost Permafrost, a
layer of permanently frozen soil found in Arctic tundras, plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration
...
Impact of Global Warming on Permafrost 
Permafrost is a
layer of soil, rock, or sediment that is frozen for more than two consecutive years
...Release of Greenhouse Gases: When permafrost thaws, the
organic matter within it decomposes, releasing carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere
...
Seasonal Pine Forests Changing Ecosystems 
The needles of pine trees serve as a protective
layer that helps them conserve water during dry periods and withstand harsh winter conditions
...As pine trees shed their needles, they release
organic matter into the soil, enriching it with nutrients and creating a fertile environment for other plant species to thrive
...
Selbstständig machen mit Ideen 
Der Weg in die Selbständigkeit beginnt nicht mit der Gründung eines Unternehmens, sondern davor - denn: kein Geschäft ohne Geschäftsidee. Eine gute Geschäftsidee fällt nicht immer vom Himmel und dem Gründer vor die auf den Schreibtisch ...